Alaab-qeybiye Dahab ah oo Shiineys ah oo Qiimaha Jumlada ah Cufnaanta Heerkulka Sare Alumina Miisaan Fudud Dab-damis 1400c 1450c 1500c 1550c Sibidhka oo aan lahayn Dahaar u adkaysta Xidhitaanka Corundum
Waxaan awoodnaa inaan bixinno alaab tayo sare leh, qiimo jaban iyo caawimo iibsade oo ugu fiican. Meesha aan u soconno waa "Waxaad halkan ku timaadaa dhib, waxaanan ku siinaynaa dhoola cadeyn aad ku qaadato"Sibidh Hoose oo la Tuuri karo oo la Tuuri karoWaxaan si xooggan u aaminsanahay in tignoolajiyada iyo adeeggu ay yihiin saldhiggeenna maanta, tayaduna ay abuuri doonto derbiyada mustaqbalka ee la isku halleyn karo. Kaliya annaga ayaa leh tayo ka wanaagsan oo ka wanaagsan, ma gaari karnaa macaamiisheenna iyo nafteena sidoo kale. Soo dhawoow macaamiisha adduunka oo dhan si aad noola soo xiriirto si aan u helno ganacsi dheeraad ah iyo xiriiro la isku halleyn karo. Had iyo jeer waxaan halkaan u joognay inaan u shaqeyno baahiyahaaga mar kasta oo aad u baahato.
Qalcado aan la adkeyn karinwaa isku-dhafan hore loo isku qasay oo ka kooban isku-darka nadiifnimada sare leh, budo fiican, xidhmooyin xirfad leh, iyo waxyaabo lagu daro saxnaanta. Marka lagu daro biyo ama dareere gaar ah, si fudud ayaa loo dhisi karaa iyadoo la shubayo, gariirayo, ama la qodayo, waxaana sidoo kale loo diyaarin karaa qaybo horay loo sameeyay oo gaar ah si loogu habeeyo qaab-dhismeedka foornada ee adag. Marka la bogsado, waxay sameeyaan dahaar monolithic ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn oo ka sarreeya lebenkii hore ee caabbinta dhaqanka ee hufnaanta rakibidda iyo haynta kulaylka.
Hore loo yaqaanayshub adagSababtoo ah isku-dhafka la midka ah, habka dejinta, iyo habka dhismaha ee la midka ah kan injineernimada madaniga ah, qalabkayaga aan la qabsan karin ayaa lagu casriyeeyay qaacidooyin horumarsan si loo bixiyo waxqabad heer sare ah oo ku yaal jawiyada warshadaha ee adag.
Kala-soocidda Badeecadaha
Waxaan bixinaa noocyo badan oo ah qalab bir ah oo aan la qabsan karin si loo daboolo baahiyaha warshadaha ee kala duwan, oo lagu kala saaray agab, qalab, iyo waxqabad:
1. Iyada oo loo marayo Agabka:Qalabka aluminiumka ee aadka u sarreeya, qalabka aluminiumka-magnesia, qalabka aluminiumka-silicon carbide-carbon, qalabka aashitada u adkaysta, qalabka alkali u adkaysta, qalabka dahaarka fudud, iwm.
2. Qore:Kaalshiyam aluminate ah oo sibidhku ku xidhan yahay, kaalshiyam sibidhku ku xidhan yahay oo hooseeya/aad u hooseeya/aan lahayn, kaalshiyam fosfate ah oo ku xidhan, kaalshiyam sibidhku ku xidhan yahay oo sibidhku ku xidhan yahay, iwm. (kaalshiyam sibidhku ku xidhan yahay oo hooseeya/aad u hooseeya waxay leeyihiin dalool hoose iyo xoog farsamo oo sarreeya).
3. Waxqabadka:Qalabka is-daba-joogga ah, qalabka si dhakhso ah u qallajiya, qalabka si dhakhso ah u adkaysta xirashada, qalabka si degdeg ah u adkaysta kulaylka, qalabka si degdeg ah u adkaysta dahaarka, iwm.
Faa'iidooyinka Muhiimka ah:
1. Iska caabin Heerkul Sare oo Heer Sare ah oo Gaar ah:Awood u leh inay u adkeysato heerkulka ilaa 1600-1800°C, iyadoo la ilaalinayo hufnaanta qaab-dhismeedka iyada oo aan la burburin ama khasaare hantiyeed xitaa xaaladaha warshadaha sida dhalaalka birta iyo soo saarista galaaska.
2. Adkeysiga Sare & Iska caabinta Daxalka:Waxay u adkaysataa xirashada, nabaad-guurka dhoobada dhalaalaysa, iyo weerarka kiimikada, waxayna yareysaa kharashyada beddelka iyo dayactirka ee soo noqnoqda, waxayna si weyn u kordhineysaa cimriga adeegga ee dahaarka foornadaada.
3. Xasillooni Shoogga Kulaylka oo Aad u Fiican:Waxay u adkeysan kartaa isbeddelka heerkulka degdegga ah iyada oo aan la dillaacin ama la daciifin, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon qalabka leh hawlgallo joogto ah oo lagu joojinayo, sida foornada wareega iyo weelasha birta ah.
4. Dhisme Dabacsan & Habayn:Ku habboon in lagu shubo qaabab adag iyo joomatari adag, iyadoo la waafajinayo naqshado foorno oo kala duwan; waxaan sidoo kale bixinnaa qaybo hore loo diyaariyey iyo hagaajin qaacido oo ku salaysan xaaladahaaga shaqo ee gaarka ah (heerkulka, culeyska farsamada, nooca daxalka).
5. Hufnaanta Tamarta iyo Waxtarka Kharashka:Waxqabad heer sare ah oo kulka dahaaran ayaa yareeya khasaaraha kulaylka, hoos u dhigista isticmaalka tamarta si loo ilaaliyo heerkulka; habka dhismaha fudud wuxuu hagaajiyaa hufnaanta rakibidda wuxuuna yareeyaa kharashyada shaqada; ikhtiyaarrada dib loo warshadayn karo ayaa diyaar ah si loo taageero wax soo saar waara.
6. Adkaanta La Kordhiyay (Ikhtiyaar):Ku darista fiilooyinka birta aan daxalka lahayn waxay si weyn u hagaajinaysaa adkeysiga farsamada meelaha ay ku badan tahay awoodda farsamada; ku darista fiilooyinka aan dabiiciga ahayn waxay xoojisaa adkeysiga iyo dahaarka kulaylka si loo dahaadho tuubooyinka aan daxalka lahayn.
| Magaca Badeecada | Sibidh Hoose oo la shubi karo | |||||
| TUSMADA | RBTZJ-42 | RBTZJ-60 | RBTZJ-65 | RBTZJS-65 | RBTZJ-70 | |
| Heerkulka Xadka Shaqada | 1300 | 1350 | 1400 | 1400 | 1450 | |
| Cufnaanta Badan (g/cm3) 110℃ × 24h≥ | 2.15 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.45 | |
| Xoog Laabista Qabow 110℃ × 24h (MPa) ≥ | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | |
| Xoogga Burburinta Qabow (MPa) ≥ | 110℃ × 24 saac | 25 | 30 | 35 | 35 | 40 |
| CT℃ × 3 saac | 50 1300℃ × 3 saac | 55 1350℃ × 3 saac | 60 1400℃ × 3 saac | 40 1400℃ × 3 saac | 70 1400℃ × 3 saac | |
| Isbeddel Toosan oo Joogto ah @CT℃ × 3 saac(%) | -0.5~+0.5 1300℃ | -0.5~+0.5 1350℃ | 0~+0.8 1400℃ | 0~+0.8 1400℃ | 0~+1.0 1400℃ | |
| Iska caabinta Shoogga Kulaylka (1000℃ biyo) ≥ | ― | ― | ― | 20 | ― | |
| Al2O3(%) ≥ | 42 | 60 | 65 | 65 | 70 | |
| CaO(%) ≤ | 2-3 | 2-3 | 2-3 | 2-3 | 2-3 | |
| Fe2O3(%) ≤ | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
| Magaca Badeecada | Xoog Sare leh oo la tuuri karo | |||||
| TUSMADA | HS-50 | HS-60 | HS-70 | HS-80 | HS-90 | |
| Heerkulka Xadka Shaqada (℃) | 1400 | 1500 | 1600 | 1700 | 1800 | |
| 110℃ Cufnaanta Badan (g/cm3) ≥ | 2.15 | 2.30 | 2.40 | 2.50 | 2.90 | |
| Modulus of Rupture(MPa) ≥ | 110℃ × 24 saac | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8.5 | 10 |
| 1100℃ × 3 saac | 8 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 9 | 9.5 | |
| 1400℃ × 3 saac | 8.5 1300℃ × 3 saac | 9 | 9.5 | 10 | 15 | |
| Xoogga Burburinta Qabow (MPa) ≥ | 110℃ × 24 saac | 35 | 40 | 40 | 45 | 60 |
| 1100℃ × 3 saac | 40 | 50 | 45 | 50 | 70 | |
| 1400℃ × 3 saac | 45 1300℃ × 3 saac | 55 | 50 | 55 | 100 | |
| Isbeddelka Toosan ee Joogtada ah (%) | 1100℃ × 3 saac | -0.2 | -0.2 | -0.25 | -0.15 | -0.1 |
| 1400℃ × 3 saac | -0.45 1300℃×3 saac | -0.4 | -0.3 | -0.3 | -0.1 | |
| Al2O3(%) ≥ | 48 | 48 | 55 | 65 | 75 | 90 |
| CaO(%) ≤ | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Fe2O3(%) ≤ | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Magaca Badeecada | Alumina Sare oo la shubi karo | ||||||
| TUSMADA | Al2O3 (%) ≥ | CaO (%) ≥ | Madax-adaygnimo (℃) | CT ℃ × 3 saacadood PLC ≤1% | 110℃ Ka dib qallajinta (MPa) | ||
| CCS | MOR | ||||||
| Dhoobo ku xiran | NL-45 | 45 | ― | 1700 | 1350 | 8 | 1 |
| NL-60 | 60 | ― | 1720 | 1400 | 9 | 1.5 | |
| NL-70 | 70 | ― | 1760 | 1450 | 10 | 2 | |
| Sibidh ku xidhan | GL-42 | 42 | ― | 1640 | 1350 | 25 | 3.5 |
| GL-50 | 50 | ― | 1660 | 1400 | 30 | 4 | |
| GL-60 | 60 | ― | 1700 | 1400 | 30 | 4 | |
| GL-70 | 70 | ― | 1720 | 1450 | 35 | 5 | |
| GL-85 | 85 | ― | 1780 | 1500 | 35 | 5 | |
| Sibidh Hoose oo Xidhan | DL-60 | 60 | 2.5 | 1740 | 1500 | 30 | 5 |
| DL-80 | 80 | 2.5 | 1780 | 1500 | 40 | 6 | |
| Fosfate ku xiran | LL-45 | 45 | ― | 1700 | 1350 | 20 | 3.5 |
| LL-60 | 60 | ― | 1740 | 1450 | 25 | 4 | |
| LL-75 | 75 | ― | 1780 | 1500 | 30 | 5 | |
| Sodium Silicate oo lagu xidho | BL-40 | 40 | ― | ― | 1000 | 20 | ― |
| Magaca Badeecada | Miisaan fudud oo la tuuri karo | ||||||
| Heerkulka Xadka Shaqada | 1100 | 1200 | 1400 | 1500 | 1600 | ||
| 110℃ Cufnaanta Badan (g/cm3) ≥ | 1.15 | 1.25 | 1.35 | 1.40 | 1.50 | ||
| Modulus of Rupture(MPa) ≥ | 110℃ × 24 saac | 2.5 | 3 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.0 | |
| 1100℃ × 3 saac | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 3.0 | ||
| 1400℃ × 3 saac | ― | ― | 3 | 10.8 | 8.1 | ||
| Xoogga Burburinta Qabow (MPa) ≥ | 110℃ × 24 saac | 8 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 10 | |
| 1100℃ × 3 saac | 4 | 4 | 5 | 11 | 10 | ||
| 1400℃ × 3 saac | ― | ― | 15 | 22 | 14 | ||
| Isbeddelka Toosan ee Joogtada ah (%) | 1100℃ × 3 saac | -0.65 1000℃×3 saac | -0.8 | -0.25 | -0.15 | -0.1 | |
| 1400℃ × 3 saac | ― | ― | -0.8 | -0.55 | -0.45 | ||
| Qaboojinta Kulaylka (W/mk) | 350℃ | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.48 | 0.52 | |
| 700℃ | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.45 | 0.61 | 0.64 | ||
| Al2O3(%) ≥ | 33 | 35 | 45 | 55 | 65 | ||
| Fe2O3(%) ≤ | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.0 | ||
1. Aluminium sare leh oo la tuuri karo:Aluminium-ka aadka u sarreeya waxaa inta badan laga sameeyaa alumina (Al2O3) wuxuuna leeyahay iska caabin sare, iska caabin slag iyo iska caabin shoogga kulaylka. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa foornooyinka heerkulka sare leh iyo hooladaha birta, biraha aan birta ahayn, kiimikada iyo warshadaha kale.
2. Fiber bir ah oo la xoojiyay oo la qallajin karo:Qalabka birta lagu xoojiyay ee la shiiday wuxuu ku salaysan yahay qalabka caadiga ah ee la shiiday, waxaana lagu daraa fiilooyinka birta si loo xoojiyo iska caabbinta shoogga kulaylka, iska caabbinta xirashada iyo iska caabbinta slag. Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa foornada, salka foornada iyo qaybaha kale ee warshadaha birta, birta, kiimikada batroolka iyo kuwa kale.
3. Mullite castable:Mullite castable wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay mullite (MgO·SiO2) wuxuuna leeyahay iska caabin wanaagsan oo xirasho, iska caabin iyo iska caabin slag. Waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa qaybaha muhiimka ah sida foornada birta lagu sameeyo iyo kuwa wax lagu beddelo ee birta, birta iyo warshadaha kale.
4. Silikoon carbide ah oo la shubi karo:Qalabka carbide-ka ee silikoonku waxa uu inta badan ka kooban yahay carbide silicon (SiC) waxana uu leeyahay iska caabin aad u fiican oo xirashada ah, iska caabinta slag-ka iyo iska caabinta shoogga kulaylka. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa foornada heerkulka sare leh, sariiraha foornada iyo qaybaha kale ee biraha aan birta ahayn, kiimikooyinka, dhoobada iyo warshadaha kale.
5. Qalabka sibidhka hooseeya:Waxaa loola jeedaa qalabka wax lagu shubto ee leh sibidh yar, kaas oo guud ahaan ah qiyaastii 5%, qaarna xitaa waxaa loo dhimay 1% ilaa 2%. Qalabka wax lagu shubto ee sibidhka yar waxay isticmaalaan walxo aad u fiican oo aan ka badnayn 1μm, iska caabbinta shoogga kulaylka, iska caabbinta slag-ka iyo iska caabbinta nabaad-guurka ayaa si weyn loo hagaajiyay. Qalabka wax lagu shubto ee sibidhka hooseeya waxay ku habboon yihiin qalabka kala duwan ee lagu nadiifiyo kulaylka, foornada kululaynta, foornada toosan, foornada wareegsan, daboolka foornada korontada ku shaqeysa, godadka lagu shubo foornada qaraxa, iwm.; qalabka wax lagu shubto ee sibidhka hooseeya ee is-socodka ah ayaa ku habboon qalabka wax lagu buufiyo ee loogu talagalay biraha buufinta, qalabka wax lagu shubto ee heerkulka sare leh ee loogu talagalay falgalayaasha dilaaca kiimikada ee batroolka, iyo qalabka dibadda ee tuubooyinka qaboojinta biyaha foornada kululaynta.
6. Qalabka aan xirashada lahayn ee aan xirnayn:Qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee qalabka ka hortagga xirashada ee u adkaysta xirashada waxaa ka mid ah walxaha ka hortagga xirashada, budooyinka, waxyaabaha lagu daro iyo kuwa isku xira. Qalabka ka hortagga xirashada ee u adkaysta xirashada waa nooc ka mid ah walxaha ka hortagga xirashada ee aan qaab lahayn oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo birta, kiimikada batroolka, qalabka dhismaha, korontada iyo warshadaha kale. Qalabkani wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyinka iska caabbinta heerkulka sare, iska caabbinta xirashada, iyo iska caabbinta nabaad-guurka. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu hagaajiyo oo lagu ilaaliyo dahaarka qalabka heerkulka sare leh sida foornada iyo kuleyliyaha si loo kordhiyo cimriga adeegga qalabka.
7. Laydh la tuuri karo:Ladle castable waa qalab aan qaab lahayn oo ka samaysan clinker tayo sare leh oo aluminium bauxite ah iyo silicon carbide oo ah agabka ugu muhiimsan, oo leh qalab sibidh aluminate saafi ah, kala firdhiye, wakiil aan yareyn, isku-xidhe, fiilada qaraxa u adkaysata iyo waxyaabo kale oo lagu daro. Maadaama ay saameyn wanaagsan ku leedahay lakabka shaqada ee ladle-ka, waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan aluminium silicon carbide castable.
8. Dahaarka khafiifka ah ee aan la dabooli karin ee la tuuri karo:Qalabka khafiifka ah ee dahaarka leh ee aan dahaarka lahayn waa qalab dabacsan oo leh miisaan fudud, xoog sare iyo waxqabad dahaar kuleyl oo heer sare ah. Inta badan waxa uu ka kooban yahay walxo khafiif ah (sida perlite, vermiculite, iwm.), walxo heerkul sare leh oo deggan, walxo xidhmo iyo waxyaabo lagu daro. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa qalabka warshadaha ee heerkulka sare leh, sida foornada warshadaha, foornadaha daaweynta kulaylka, foornada birta ah, foornada dhalaalaysa ee galaaska, iwm., si loo hagaajiyo hufnaanta isticmaalka tamarta ee qalabka loona yareeyo isticmaalka tamarta.
9. Corundum castable:Iyada oo leh waxqabad aad u wanaagsan, corundum castable waxay noqotay doorasho ku habboon qaybaha muhiimka ah ee foornada kulaylka. Astaamaha corundum castable waa xoog sare, heerkulka jilcinta culeyska sare iyo iska caabbinta slag wanaagsan, iwm. Heerkulka guud ee isticmaalka waa 1500-1800℃.
10. Magnesium la shubi karo: Inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa qalabka kuleylka heerkulka sare leh, waxay leedahay iska caabin aad u fiican oo ku wajahan daxalka alkaline slag, tusmada awoodda oksijiinta oo hooseysa iyo wasakheynta birta dhalaalaysa. Sidaa darteed, waxay leedahay fursado badan oo lagu dabaqi karo warshadaha birta, gaar ahaan soo saarista birta nadiifka ah iyo warshadaha agabka dhismaha.
11. Dhoobo la shubi karo:Qaybaha ugu muhiimsan waa dhoobada clinker iyo dhoobada isku dhafan, oo leh xasillooni kuleyl oo wanaagsan iyo iska caabin gaar ah, qiimuhuna waa mid hooseeya. Badanaa waxaa loo isticmaalaa dahaarka foornada warshadaha guud ahaan, sida foornada kululaynta, foornada dab-damiska, kuleyliyaha, iwm. Waxay u adkeysan kartaa heerkul gaar ah oo culeys kuleyl ah waxayna door ka ciyaari kartaa dahaarka kulaylka iyo ilaalinta jirka foornada.
12. Kalluun qalalan:Qalabka qalalan ee la shiiday waxay inta badan ka kooban yihiin walxo aan la karin, budo, walxo isku xidha iyo biyo. Waxyaabaha caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah qalabka dhoobada lagu shiiday, qalabka aluminium ee saddex-geesoodka ah, budada ultrafine, sibidhka CA-50, kuwa kala firdhiya iyo walxaha siliceous ama feldspar ee aan la daadin karin.
Qalabka qalalan ee la shiiday waxaa loo qaybin karaa noocyo badan iyadoo loo eegayo isticmaalkooda iyo maaddooyinka ay ka kooban yihiin. Tusaale ahaan, qalabka qalalan ee aan la shiidayn waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa unugyada elektrolytic-ga ee aluminiumka, kuwaas oo si wax ku ool ah uga hortagi kara gelitaanka elektrolytyada isla markaana kordhin kara cimriga adeegga unugyada. Intaa waxaa dheer, qalabka qalalan ee la shiiday wuxuu ku habboon yahay qalabka, dhalaalinta, warshadaha kiimikada, biraha aan birta ahayn iyo warshadaha kale, gaar ahaan warshadaha birta, sida afka foornada hore ee foornada rotary, foornada kala-baxa, daboolka madaxa foornada iyo qaybaha kale.
Su'aalaha Badiya La Weydiiyo
Ma u baahan tahay caawimo? Hubi inaad booqato golayaashayada taageerada si aad u hesho jawaabaha su'aalahaaga!
Waxaan nahay soo-saare dhab ah, warshadeenu waxay ku takhasustay soo saarista agabyada aan la qabsan karin in ka badan 30 sano. Waxaan ballan qaadaynaa inaan bixinno qiimaha ugu fiican, adeegga ugu fiican ee iibka kahor iyo adeegga iibka kadib.
Nidaam kasta oo wax soo saar ah, RBT waxay leedahay nidaam QC oo dhammaystiran oo loogu talagalay halabuurka kiimikada iyo sifooyinka jireed. Waxaanan tijaabin doonnaa alaabta, shahaadada tayadana waxaa lala soo raaci doonaa alaabta. Haddii aad leedahay shuruudo gaar ah, waxaan isku dayi doonnaa sida ugu wanaagsan ee aan u dabooli karno.
Iyadoo ku xiran tirada, waqtiga keenisteenu wuu ka duwan yahay. Laakiin waxaan ballan qaadaynaa inaan sida ugu dhakhsaha badan u soo dirno iyadoo tayo la hubo la hubo.
Dabcan, waxaan bixinaa muunado bilaash ah.
Haa, dabcan, waa lagu soo dhaweynayaa inaad booqato shirkadda RBT iyo alaabtayada.
Ma jiro xad, waxaan ku siin karnaa talada iyo xalka ugu fiican iyadoo loo eegayo xaaladdaada.
Waxaan samaynaynay agab aan la qabsan karin in ka badan 30 sano, waxaan leenahay taageero farsamo oo xooggan iyo waayo-aragnimo qani ah, waxaan ka caawin karnaa macaamiisha inay naqshadeeyaan foosto kala duwan oo ay bixiyaan adeeg hal joogsi ah.
